Ten Steps For Writing A Research Paper

Ten Steps For Writing A Research Paper Then the ultimate part of a research strategy is to provide you with a timeline. The next step is to list subtopics and concepts related to your paper matter. This post highlights the key elements of every section. This publish isn’t a information on tips on how to write an “A” analysis paper. When you might be narrowing your subject decisions, strive to decide on something fresh and fascinating. If you're looking for help with other grammar-associated topics, take a look at ournoun,pronoun, andconjunctionpages. You should now be in a position to finalize your thesis assertion, exhibiting clearly what your paper will show, answer or prove. Examples of sources might include books, magazine articles, scholarly articles, reputable web sites, databases and journals. Keywords relating to your topic can help you in your search. Now it’s time to knuckle down and dig out all the knowledge that’s relevant to your topic. Having a analysis paper example to have a look at may also be helpful for first-timers, so ask your tutor to supply you with one. On your private order web page, you possibly can easily begin a chat, and your writer will respond as soon as possible. It is very important to us that each of you can effectively communicate with one another. Maybe you don’t need to write an inspiring research paper. Perhaps you need to get it done and hope it gets a “ok” grade. If that’s you, skip a few of these steps, and rush to write down your analysis paper. This will make it a lot simpler later when you are able to construct your paper’s bibliography. Keeping clear notes detailing any sources that you just use will assist you to to keep away from by accident plagiarizing another person’s work or ideas. Not all sources are created equal, so just remember to’re referring to reputable, reliable data. Once you’ve gathered sources, it’s time to take detailed notes. A analysis strategy describes how you will conduct your research. It appears at what types of sources you search, and the place you will look for them. Simply regurgitating details and figures gained’t make for an fascinating paper. It’s important that you just fully understand your matter so you possibly can come across as an authority on the subject and current your personal concepts on it. Editing your research paper is the place you put the ultimate touches on your work. Your clear up any confusing sentences, fix your grammar, and make your writing sparkle. Conclusionâ€"rephrase the thesis statement & the way you proved it, and the importance of your research paper. By now, you must already know the forms of sources you need that will allow you to to answer your research question. Your lecturer or professor is your biggest allyâ€"in any case, they need you to do nicely. Make positive you get clear guidance from them on both the required format and preferred matters. In some instances, your tutor will assign a topic, or provide you with a set listing to select from. Often, nonetheless, you’ll be anticipated to pick an appropriate topic for your self. Argumentativeâ€" takes a stance on a particular subject proper from the start, with the goal of persuading the reader of the validity of the argument. You should read around your matter as widely as you'll be able to, earlier than narrowing your area of curiosity for your paper, and critically analyzing your findings. As you search, you should start to compile an inventory of references. This ought to usually be a one or two sentence assertion; nevertheless, it’s the core concept of your paper, and each insight that you embrace ought to be relevant to it. Remember, a thesis statement just isn't merely a summary of your findings. It ought to present an argument or perspective that the rest of your paper goals to support. These are finest suited to matters that are debatable or controversial. You ought to know the way to ask Open-ended questions. The largest mistake you make when writing the thesis is that you ask “excessive-threat” questions.

Seminar Advantage and Disadvantage Essay Example for Free

Workshop Advantage and Disadvantage Essay * The preferred position in setting up your course in two months preceding your class is that you can get ready everything with greatness since you have a ton of time to plan. * You have a great deal of time to find a decent scene, choose a structure so that can catch the crowd enthusiasm by observing the zone so unwinding and reviving. * Whatever food you intend to fix, attempt to keep to the widely appealing in your determinations of what to fix. Think about the food for its essential food esteem as well as for how much happiness it will give in its eating. When you have your menus made, buy the entirety of your food supplies that can purchased ahead * You can likewise get a generally excellent speaker or host in your class * You can choose what number of crowd you are going to welcome, and what your objective market are. * You likewise have a great deal of time to grow your planned rundown. Detriment * The detriment of this more extended arrangement is that there is an inclination that you are going to make a huge difference of what you have arranged before, in light of changing of your arrangement consistently to make your class delightful until the day will come. Bit of leeway IN SIX WEEK PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * The bit of leeway in this stage is you can apportion a greater amount of your chance to perform what is your undertaking in this period. * Make sure that your greeting card is astonishing and innovative. This time, you can change whenever your solicitations if there is a PC mistake in your greeting. * You should check how getting and tribute the speaker is, it is for you to realize how compelling he is as a speaker with the goal that the crowd will process the plan of your course obviously. * Preparing your plan to can't submit botch before the crowd. * You should check your site for the temperature issues, check the normal of your sets, room type and state of the territory, for the conclusion of the set ups of the scene. Hindrance * The hindrance of this current week there’s such a significant number of courses are magnificently brimming with content however some way or another increasingly hard to process on the grounds that there is oneâ keynote in the presentation by the speakers and the subjects is normal chain of thinking or brought together body with maybe numerous subtleties yet one superseding topic. Bit of leeway IN THREE WEEKS PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * The upside of this current week you will realize that on the off chance that they are accessible and inspired by your course. * Distributing your rundown of potential participants will abbreviate the ideal opportunity for you to search for a group of people. * You have somewhat more an ideal opportunity to build up your rundown of crowd if the other reaction that they can't go to the workshop. * You get an opportunity to persuade the crowd to go to the workshop by calling them. * By having the canvas, media, and leaflets, you don't have to go to that individual and persuade them to go to the workshop. * People will come and have an enrollment on the off chance that they are intrigued. Drawback * The drawback is that there’s a group of people will decline your greeting and there are times the exposure you made isn't that viable most extraordinarily on the off chance that you are absence of money in leading your course or your distribution is too plain to even consider getting the consideration of a crowd of people to be in your class. TWO WEEKS PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * The upside of this current week is that you have last participants in your rundown. * The activity is to send them letter to affirm if at any time they adjust their perspective, you despite everything have the opportunity to search for a substitution. * Obtain the material for introduction to forestall issues. * Create assessment sheet and agenda for participants ahead of time, for the occasion come the rundown is readied. * Create an affirmation or token ahead of time to forestall bother. Hindrance * The hindrance of this current week, you don't have a lot of time to deal with a major issues is there is, should particularly in the setting. Bit of leeway IN THREE DAYS PRIOR TO YOUR SEMINAR * This week you have an affirm participants on your rundown book and you will train them where the scene is, the thing that time it will be and the enrollment expense. * The occasion you are arranging is solid and steady and done. Drawback * You don't have time if there will be a crowd of people to retreat. In scene, materials, greeting, token issues and so on there is no more opportunity to fix.

Different Studies Define Organizational Commitment Commerce Essay Free Essays

This part gives the presentation of this theory. First the foundation sing the examination is talked about. It other than furnishes the significance of this review with the activity treatment which will help the peruser comprehend the expectation and research requests. We will compose a custom paper test on Various Studies Define Organizational Commitment Commerce Essay or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Presently yearss in associations, committedness has become extremely well known subject of inclusion. Duty is of import in association and each piece great as impact of a figure of business related factors. Diverse surveies characterize hierarchical committedness in any case like committedness focused on explicitly toward the association as an authoritative element. The build of authoritative committedness can be involves followerss. Our general public thunders and creates, the worker's committedness towards association turns out to be increasingly blurred and breaks down. Presently twenty-four hours ‘s representatives are going on it hard and hard for them to stay submitted inside the association. Various elements result representative committedness in any case. It incorporates certain committednesss to the executive, calling, businesss or calling. The build of hierarchical committedness can be partitioned into three unique sorts: Â · Affective committedness which alludes to workers ‘ enthusiastic affectionate respect, assignment and commitment towards the association. Representatives with a solid committedness utilization to stay inside the association since they need to remain in the association. Â · Continuance committedness which alludes to workers ‘ evaluation ; implies the expense of go forthing the association is more prominent than the expenses of staying inside the association. From representatives purpose of position the expenses of go forthing the association is more prominent than the expenses of staying with the association since they have to stay in the association since they do n’t hold some other pick while simply staying in the association. Â · Normative committedness alludes to representatives ‘ sentiment of obligation ( duty ) to. Representatives ‘ committedness comprises of work committedness, hierarchical committedness and calling committedness. Hierarchical committedness can other than be characterized as representative ‘s commitment and his/her level of devotion, genuineness and certainty towards his/her association so as to achieve authoritative finishes and points. 1.1 BACKGROUND In this bit Employee ‘s committedness in the media transmission industry of Pakistan is venturing out to be examined. In monetary area Telecommunication is one of the of import financial areas known to mankind monetary framework. It other than has some effect on our lives as people, on our anxiety in footings of effectiveness and effectivity and customer administration on the balance of each state ‘s battle as a productive monetary framework. On the different manus in concern condition, workers use to go up against figure of power per unit zones to execute orchestrating to corporate viewpoints. These sorts of power per unit zones are as often as possible made by very competitory concern situations, conditions which can give continuous change and inside overhaul or even frightening working conditions for the representatives. 1.2 Telecommunication One of the greater part of import monetary segments known to mankind is Telecommunication area. It other than majorly affects our lives as people, on our anxiety in footings of productivity and effectivity and each state ‘s battle as a gainful monetary framework. Right now Pakistan ‘s media communications ‘ industry involves five significant help providers that are ; Mobilink, Telenor, Ufone, Warid and Zong. 1.3.1 Mobilink Mobilink Pakistan is the most Cellular Company utilization to cases to hold 10 Millions Subscribers inside state expansive. Mobilink was the first to build up cell web in Pakistan. They set up themselves as the major cell organization of Pakistan. Covering about each city of Pakistan. Mobilink is an enormous organization that is the reason they are as yet costly as correlation with different organizations like Ufone and Warid Tele and so on. As greater part of individuals are using Mobilink administrations this is the ground why Mobilink is still bear bringing down high rates from individuals especially from those individuals who has a place with concern class and these individuals delay to trade to some other web to other cell organization. Mobilink has the biggest endorsers in Pakistan. They had other than begun GPRS administrations with Rs. 500/month of boundless use. Mobilink other than had begun administration of 3 companion and family unit figure with charges of only 2.2s/min still costly when contrasted with Warid and different networks. Mobilink has a decent satisfactory base and a decent settled web. The Website of Mobilink is structured in a way that it gives the inclination to the clients like experts are sitting behind to pull off it. Everything is plainly depicted on the Website and it ‘s simple to run. Mobilink is a significant cell organization and it remains in first topographic point. The solitary disadvantage Mobilink is defying that is it ‘s the call rates which are truly elevated ( costly ) . 1.3.2 Telenor Telenor works in around 13 markets universe expansive and each on of those works finished for the Best Brand Awards for the twelvemonth 2007. The 2007 Telenor Brand Awards was given to Telenor of Pakistan. Official Vice President and caput of Global Coordination Ragnar Korsaeth, introduced the honor to Telenor Pakistan as he says, the victor of this Award 2007 for example Telenor, in light of the fact that it has developed its exchange name propensities fundamentally over its market parcel. The organization has its most elevated customer ‘s level of fulfillment in amazingly competitory market. Telenor is a subordinate. It propelled its GSM Mobile administrations on fifteenth March 2005. 1.3.3 Ufone Ufone is a subordinate of PTCL and was built up to gracefully cell benefits across Pakistan. As of now Ufone is providing quality administrations to its endorsers across Pakistan. Ufone has directly let down its naming rates when contrasted with different networks. With the help of PTCL, Ufone ever offers quality types of assistance to its endorsers. GPRS administrations of Ufone are the best accessible in the market. They are ever coordinated and tune in to the employments of their endorsers and work out them each piece ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances. Ufone offers specific attributes like Internet Bill installment for the principal cut in Pakistan. They are ever a caput from different networks in providing quality administrations. The best trademark which is offered by Ufone is Web2SMS Chat Mobile financial pay through SMS. Around 3 million endorsers are using Ufone web and it is as yet turning. Ufone is extraordinary compared to other cell organizations in Pakistan with reliable inclusion to more than 100 metropoliss. 1.3.4 Warid In Pakistan May 2005, Warid propelled it administrations and this Warid tel is worked by Abu Dhabi bunch which is driven by Sheik Nahyan Mabarak Al Nahayan. It has accomplished a milestone by building up its administrations to around 6,250 finishs, in Pakistan and spread excursion its nature of administrations around 486 metropoliss. Warid telecom has some great attributes like low naming rates 30 unsweet charge. It is bettering its inclusion and expectations it will be improved as the organization develops. Significant draw dorsum it has a slowest GPRS administration. Warid to Warid call rates are cheap however especially at darks some of the time it has web occupied missteps other than that it works good. Warid telecom is going up against some present occupations it should flexibly redresss for these activity so as to catch more market as their naming rates are guaranteeing. 1.3.5 Zong First International exchange name of China Mobil is propelled in Pakistan is Zong, so as to approve the individuals of Pakistan in each edge of the state. The core segment of Zong is to let individuals to pass on openly, web inclusion. Zong is upheld by segment like land interference correspondences, propensity puting customer administration and an odd product offering which will rethink guidelines of the game. Zong is a troublesome struggler to be at figure one topographic point. Zong offer its customer with entertainments and propelled administrations furthermore approve them by giving an arrangement of stocks and administrations. 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of the review is to occur out that to what certain degree does a few factors influences and address worker ‘s committedness towards an association and what sway it has on generally speaking representative's open introduction in the association. This depends on private areas of telecom industry installed with the committedness of workers towards the association. 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT This study is exploring the connection among step ining factors ( occupation fulfillment, certainty, developing, incitements, working condition, conveying, approval, thought process and readiness ) and autonomous variable ( representative committedness ) and its belongings upon the dependant variable ( authoritative open introduction ) . It has been discovered after fundamental test that representatives are less dedicated inside the association because of holding less possession in their work, low occupation fulfillment, non bounty productive actuations, hapless workplace, lack of developing and worker genuineness inside association and all different hapless representative fulfillment factors like insufficiency of readiness, approval, thought process and hapless imparting process inside the association, which outcomes in high turnover rate in private area of telecom association. 1.5 OBSERVATION AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS It depends on high turnover rate in the telecom business in this way the examined factors affecting the committedness of workers and its result on associations. Other than to investigate and discover the connection between certain variab

Different types of Mergers and Acquisitions (MA)

Different types of Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) NATURE AND TYPES OF MAMergers vs. AcquisitionsA merger takes place when two companies combine together as equals to form an entirely new company. Mergers are rare, since most often companies are acquired by other companies, and it is more of absorption of operation of the target company. The term merger is more often used to show deference  to employees and former owners when another company is taken over. Mergers and acquisition are a means to a long-term business strategy. New alliances, mergers or takeovers are usually based on company vision and mission statements, and they have to truly reflect company corporate strategy in terms of what it wants to achieve with the strategic move in the industry. The process of acquisition or a merger calls for a disciplined approach by the decision makers at the company. Three important considerations should be taken into account:Company must be willing to take risk, and make investment early-on to benefit fully from the merger, competitors an d the industry takes heed and start to merger or acquirer themselves.In order to reduce and diversify risk, multiple bets must be made, since some of the initiatives will fail, while some will prove fruitful.The management of the acquiring firm must learn to be resilient, patient and able to emulate change owing to ever-changing business dynamics in the industry.Horizontal MergersHorizontal mergers happen when a company merges or takes over another company that offers the same or similar product lines and services to the final consumers, which means that it is in the same industry and at the same stage of production. Companies, in this case, are usually direct competitors. For example, if a company producing cell phones merges with another company in the industry that produces cell phones, this would be termed as horizontal merger. The benefit of this kind of merger is that it eliminates competition, which helps the company to increase its market share, revenues and profits. Moreove r, it also offers economies of scale due to increase in size as average cost decline due to higher production volume. These kinds of merger also encourage cost efficiency, since redundant and wasteful activities are removed from the operations i.e. various administrative departments or departments suchs as advertising, purchasing and marketing.Vertical MergersA vertical merger is done with an aim to combine two companies that are in the same value chain of producing the same good and service, but the only difference is the stage of production at which they are operating. For example, if a clothing store takes over a textile factory, this would be termed as vertical merger, since the industry is same, i.e. clothing, but the stage of production is different: one firm is works in territory sector, while the other works in secondary sector. These kinds of merger are usually undertaken to secure supply of essential goods, and avoid disruption in supply, since in the case of our example, the clothing store would be rest assured that clothes will be provided by the textile factory. It is also done to restrict supply to competitors, hence a greater market share, revenues and profits. Vertical mergers also offer cost saving and a higher margin of profit, since manufacturer’s share is eliminated.Concentric MergersConcentric mergers take place between firms that serve the same customers in a particular industry, but they don’t offer the same products and services. Their products may be complements, product which go together, but technically not the same products. For example, if a company that produces DVDs mergers with a company that produces DVD players, this would be termed as concentric merger, since DVD players and DVDs are complements products, which are usually purchased together. These are usually undertaken to facilitate consumers, since it would be easier to sell these products together. Also, this would help the company diversify, hence higher profits. Sel ling one of the products will also encourage the sale of the other, hence more revenues for the company if it manages to increase the sale of one of its product. This would enable business to offer one-stop shopping, and therefore, convenience for consumers. The two companies in this case are associated in some way or the other. Usually they have the production process, business markets or the basic technology in common. It also includes extension of certain product lines. These kinds of mergers offer opportunities for businesses to venture into other areas of the industry reduce risk and provide access to resources and markets unavailable previously.Conglomerate MergerWhen two companies that operates in completely different industry, regardless of the stage of production, a merger between both companies is known as conglomerate merger. This is usually done to diversify into other industries, which helps reduce risks.REASONS BEHIND EACH TYPE OF MAThere are various reasons as to why a company might to decide to merge or acquire another company, although there has to be a strategic reasoning or logic behind the merger. All the successful mergers and acquisitions have a specific, well thought-out logic behind the strategic move. Mergers and acquisitions usually create value for the company in different ways, some of which are listed below:Improve the company’s performanceThis involves improving the performance of the target company, as well as the company itself. It is one of the most important reasons of value-creating strategies of MA. If another company is taken over, its performance can be radically improves, due to economies of scale. Also, the two companies combined would have a greater impact in the market as they are more likely to capture a greater market share, hence higher revenue and profits. Operating-profit margins can be significantly improved under the new management if wastage and redundancies are removed from the operations.Remove Excess capac ityIn many cases, as industries grow, there comes a point of maturity, which leads to excess capacity in the industry. As more and more companies enter the industries, the supply continues to increase, which brings the prices considerably down. Higher production from existing companies and entry of new companies in the industry disrupts the balance as supply increases more than demand, which lead to a fall in price. In order to correct this, companies merge with or acquire other companies in the industry, hence getting rid of excess capacity in the industry. Factories and plants can be shutdown, since it is no longer profitable to sell at that low a prices. Usually least productive plants or factories are retired in order to bring the balance back to the industry. Reducing excess capacity has a lot of benefits as it extends less tangible forms of capacity in the industry. It makes companies rethink their strategy, and nudges them to work towards improving quality rather than quantit y.Accelerate growthMergers and acquisitions are often undertaken to increase the market share. If competitor company is taken over, its share of sales is also absorbed. As the result, the acquirer gets higher sales, revenues and consequently higher profits. Some industries have a mix of very loyal customers, which means that it is very difficult to attract customers from competition by other means, as the industry is highly competitive and consumers are disinclined to make the switch. In such circumstances, merger or acquisition are highly beneficial, since they provide an opportunity to drastically increase market share. It also allows economies of scale, as per unit cost decrease due to higher volume. Smaller players in the market are sometimes taken over to penetrate the market further, where big companies fail to make an impact. Controlling smaller firms in the industry can greatly accelerate sales of those smaller companies’ products and services, since a big name is now atta ched to them. The acquirer also brings in its expertise and experience to bring efficiency to the operations of the target company. The combined company also benefit from exposure to various segments of the industry, which were previously unknown to the acquirer. The new combined company could help introduce new products tailored for the unchartered markets, hence finding new consumers for the same products and services.Acquire skills and technologyCompanies often acquire or merge with other companies in hopes to acquire skills and/or technology of the target company. Some companies control certain technologies exclusively, and it is too costly to develop these technologies from scratch. This means that it is easier to take over a company with the desired technology. A merger / an acquisition provides an opportunity for both companies to combine their technological progress and generate greater value from the sharing of knowledge and technology. These kinds of merger usually lead to innovation and entirely new products and services, hence are beneficial not only to the companies themselves, but to the industry as well. Same goes for skills, which are in certain cases exclusive, and can only be sought out, if the said company is taken over.Roll-up strategiesSome firms are too small in the market and are highly fragmented, which means they experience higher costs, and it is not feasible for them to keep up operations because there are no economies of scale due to a very small volume. An acquisition is such case is more common and can be hugely beneficial to the target company, as it could keep on operating only with an element of economies of scale. It would also help an acquirer, since it would be able to penetrate smaller fractions of the market, as smaller companies have access to these markets. Hence this kind of merger creates value for both companies, and promises greater efficiency in the operational activities. Advertising campaigns can be coordinated to gether in order to increase revenues and save on costs.Encourage competitive behaviorMany companies decide to take over other companies in an attempt to improve the overall competitive behavior in the industry. This is done by eliminating price competition, which leads to improvement in rate of internet return of the industry. If the competition is kept at bay, and new entrants are not allowed, firms dont have to compromise on quality as price is no longer a competing factor. Smaller businesses can only gain share through offering at lower prices, but price competition reduces overall profits for the industry. In order to restore the balance, and invest all effort an energy on quantity, mergers and takeovers are initiated to improve the overall competitive environment in the industry.LEGAL TERMINOLOGY Mergers and acquisition can be categorized according to the nature of merger. Most mergers are simply done when one firm takeover another firm, but there are different strategic reasons behind this decision. In the same way, legal terminology also differs from merger to merger, hence it is important to differentiate and understand the subtle differences. © cleverism.comIn this article we will look at 1) nature of MA and different types of MA, 2) reasons behind each type of MA, and 3) legal terminology.NATURE AND TYPES OF MAMergers vs. AcquisitionsA merger takes place when two companies combine together as equals to form an entirely new company. Mergers are rare, since most often companies are acquired by other companies, and it is more of absorption of operation of the target company. The term merger is more often used to show deference  to employees and former owners when another company is taken over. Mergers and acquisition are a means to a long-term business strategy. New alliances, mergers or takeovers are usually based on company vision and mission statements, and they have to truly reflect company corporate strategy in terms of what it wants to achieve with the strategic move in the industry. The process of acquisition or a merger calls for a disciplined approach by the decision makers at the company. Three important consider ations should be taken into account:Company must be willing to take risk, and make investment early-on to benefit fully from the merger, competitors and the industry takes heed and start to merger or acquirer themselves.In order to reduce and diversify risk, multiple bets must be made, since some of the initiatives will fail, while some will prove fruitful.The management of the acquiring firm must learn to be resilient, patient and able to emulate change owing to ever-changing business dynamics in the industry.Horizontal MergersHorizontal mergers happen when a company merges or takes over another company that offers the same or similar product lines and services to the final consumers, which means that it is in the same industry and at the same stage of production. Companies, in this case, are usually direct competitors. For example, if a company producing cell phones merges with another company in the industry that produces cell phones, this would be termed as horizontal merger. Th e benefit of this kind of merger is that it eliminates competition, which helps the company to increase its market share, revenues and profits. Moreover, it also offers economies of scale due to increase in size as average cost decline due to higher production volume. These kinds of merger also encourage cost efficiency, since redundant and wasteful activities are removed from the operations i.e. various administrative departments or departments suchs as advertising, purchasing and marketing.Vertical MergersA vertical merger is done with an aim to combine two companies that are in the same value chain of producing the same good and service, but the only difference is the stage of production at which they are operating. For example, if a clothing store takes over a textile factory, this would be termed as vertical merger, since the industry is same, i.e. clothing, but the stage of production is different: one firm is works in territory sector, while the other works in secondary secto r. These kinds of merger are usually undertaken to secure supply of essential goods, and avoid disruption in supply, since in the case of our example, the clothing store would be rest assured that clothes will be provided by the textile factory. It is also done to restrict supply to competitors, hence a greater market share, revenues and profits. Vertical mergers also offer cost saving and a higher margin of profit, since manufacturer’s share is eliminated.Concentric MergersConcentric mergers take place between firms that serve the same customers in a particular industry, but they don’t offer the same products and services. Their products may be complements, product which go together, but technically not the same products. For example, if a company that produces DVDs mergers with a company that produces DVD players, this would be termed as concentric merger, since DVD players and DVDs are complements products, which are usually purchased together. These are usually undertaken to facilitate consumers, since it would be easier to sell these products together. Also, this would help the company diversify, hence higher profits. Selling one of the products will also encourage the sale of the other, hence more revenues for the company if it manages to increase the sale of one of its product. This would enable business to offer one-stop shopping, and therefore, convenience for consumers. The two companies in this case are associated in some way or the other. Usually they have the production process, business markets or the basic technology in common. It also includes extension of certain product lines. These kinds of mergers offer opportunities for businesses to venture into other areas of the industry reduce risk and provide access to resources and markets unavailable previously.Conglomerate MergerWhen two companies that operates in completely different industry, regardless of the stage of production, a merger between both companies is known as conglomerate merge r. This is usually done to diversify into other industries, which helps reduce risks.REASONS BEHIND EACH TYPE OF MAThere are various reasons as to why a company might to decide to merge or acquire another company, although there has to be a strategic reasoning or logic behind the merger. All the successful mergers and acquisitions have a specific, well thought-out logic behind the strategic move. Mergers and acquisitions usually create value for the company in different ways, some of which are listed below:Improve the company’s performanceThis involves improving the performance of the target company, as well as the company itself. It is one of the most important reasons of value-creating strategies of MA. If another company is taken over, its performance can be radically improves, due to economies of scale. Also, the two companies combined would have a greater impact in the market as they are more likely to capture a greater market share, hence higher revenue and profits. Operatin g-profit margins can be significantly improved under the new management if wastage and redundancies are removed from the operations.Remove Excess capacityIn many cases, as industries grow, there comes a point of maturity, which leads to excess capacity in the industry. As more and more companies enter the industries, the supply continues to increase, which brings the prices considerably down. Higher production from existing companies and entry of new companies in the industry disrupts the balance as supply increases more than demand, which lead to a fall in price. In order to correct this, companies merge with or acquire other companies in the industry, hence getting rid of excess capacity in the industry. Factories and plants can be shutdown, since it is no longer profitable to sell at that low a prices. Usually least productive plants or factories are retired in order to bring the balance back to the industry. Reducing excess capacity has a lot of benefits as it extends less tangi ble forms of capacity in the industry. It makes companies rethink their strategy, and nudges them to work towards improving quality rather than quantity.Accelerate growthMergers and acquisitions are often undertaken to increase the market share. If competitor company is taken over, its share of sales is also absorbed. As the result, the acquirer gets higher sales, revenues and consequently higher profits. Some industries have a mix of very loyal customers, which means that it is very difficult to attract customers from competition by other means, as the industry is highly competitive and consumers are disinclined to make the switch. In such circumstances, merger or acquisition are highly beneficial, since they provide an opportunity to drastically increase market share. It also allows economies of scale, as per unit cost decrease due to higher volume. Smaller players in the market are sometimes taken over to penetrate the market further, where big companies fail to make an impact. C ontrolling smaller firms in the industry can greatly accelerate sales of those smaller companies’ products and services, since a big name is now attached to them. The acquirer also brings in its expertise and experience to bring efficiency to the operations of the target company. The combined company also benefit from exposure to various segments of the industry, which were previously unknown to the acquirer. The new combined company could help introduce new products tailored for the unchartered markets, hence finding new consumers for the same products and services.Acquire skills and technologyCompanies often acquire or merge with other companies in hopes to acquire skills and/or technology of the target company. Some companies control certain technologies exclusively, and it is too costly to develop these technologies from scratch. This means that it is easier to take over a company with the desired technology. A merger / an acquisition provides an opportunity for both companies to combine their technological progress and generate greater value from the sharing of knowledge and technology. These kinds of merger usually lead to innovation and entirely new products and services, hence are beneficial not only to the companies themselves, but to the industry as well. Same goes for skills, which are in certain cases exclusive, and can only be sought out, if the said company is taken over.Roll-up strategiesSome firms are too small in the market and are highly fragmented, which means they experience higher costs, and it is not feasible for them to keep up operations because there are no economies of scale due to a very small volume. An acquisition is such case is more common and can be hugely beneficial to the target company, as it could keep on operating only with an element of economies of scale. It would also help an acquirer, since it would be able to penetrate smaller fractions of the market, as smaller companies have access to these markets. Hence this kind of merger creates value for both companies, and promises greater efficiency in the operational activities. Advertising campaigns can be coordinated together in order to increase revenues and save on costs.Encourage competitive behaviorMany companies decide to take over other companies in an attempt to improve the overall competitive behavior in the industry. This is done by eliminating price competition, which leads to improvement in rate of internet return of the industry. If the competition is kept at bay, and new entrants are not allowed, firms dont have to compromise on quality as price is no longer a competing factor. Smaller businesses can only gain share through offering at lower prices, but price competition reduces overall profits for the industry. In order to restore the balance, and invest all effort an energy on quantity, mergers and takeovers are initiated to improve the overall competitive environment in the industry.LEGAL TERMINOLOGYMergers and acquisitions are highl y complex, and they most often require authorization from central government organization like competition commissions. There are various legal terminologies used when companies decide to merge as listed below:Sale of Majority of AssetsIn a merger / acquisition of one by another company, one company buys out the majority of assets of the other company. The control is transferred to the acquirer after approval of majority of shareholders of the target company. The acquirer usually only takeover liabilities that are attached to the purchased assets, which means that other liabilities are retained by the target company and paid off by them through their own means. Acquirer may, at times, decides to take up liabilities too. Shareholders have the same rights after the merger, since they are entitles to a divided, which is usually higher after the merger.Stock for AssetsIn this type of transaction, one entity buys outs the other one for a certain number of shares. The target company disso lves, passing all its assets to the acquirer. The control is established after approval from acquirer Company’s management. For the target company, vote of approval from majority shareholders is required for the dissolution. All the liabilities attached to the assets of Target Company are passed on to the acquirer company, while all other liabilities are retained by the target company unless acquirer volunteers to take them on as well. Shareholders after the merger are likely to receive a higher dividend.Stock for StockStock for stock transaction involves two companies, where one entity buys shares in another company from its shareholders. The target’s company’s assets are passed on to the acquirer, while the target company is run as a subsidiary of the acquirer. A new stock has to be created for this kind of merger, which means that the majority of the acquirer company’s shareholders are required to approval the merger. The shareholders of the target company are able to ind ividually decide whether they want to participate or not. The merger entails limited liabilities for the acquirer in terms of target’s company liabilities. If shareholders decide not to sell their shares, they might be frozen out.Merger/ConsolidationThis kind of transaction requires the presence of two companies. One company purchased the other, or alternatively both dissolve and become a new company. In this case, both companies require approval from majority of shareholders. The company or the acquirer takes up all rights and all liabilities, some of which are unknown to both corporations. Shareholders retain the right to receive dividends, in addition to retaining dissenter’s appraisal rights. This is the most common sort of merger, which basically means that one company is absorbed into the other one. Assets are taken over, while liabilities are cleared at the time of the merger or takeover the acquirer.DissolutionDissolution involves only one corporation, since the company is being dissolved. If the company wants to dissolve voluntarily, it needs the majority vote by shareholders in addition to filing with the state. At times, courts order involuntary dissolution in certain cases such as a deadlock situation. The control is usually held by majority vote by shareholders. In the case of dissolution, all liabilities must be cleared, although any future liability is absolved. Dissolution usually means that the company does not exist anymore, which means its operations are wrapped up during the process dissolution.Freeze-OutIn this case, the majority shareholders attempt to buyout the shares of the minority of shareholder. Only one company is involved, and control is defined by the majority through board approval. The liabilities in this case remain with the company as there is no other party involved. This is mostly done to reaffirm control by the majority shareholders over the operations of the company, since they face no obstacles once the deal goes thr ough.Tender OfferThis merger is similar to stock for stock, the only difference being the shareholders are offered money in exchange for their shares, after which the target company is dissolved, merged or run as a subsidiary. Management approval is needed since the acquirer usually borrows to finance the merger. While individual shareholders of Target Company may sell at their will, although a controlling percentage of target company’s shared is required for this mergers. After the purchase of shares, the acquirer has limited liability in terms of target’s company financial obligations. After the merger, shareholders can expect a higher dividend, while shareholders of target have no right, since they are no hold shares.Triangular MergerAs the name suggest, this merger involves three companies. The first step involves the acquirer company forming a subsidiary, whose only assets are shares of the parent company. The newly formed subsidiary then does a stock for assets or stock fo r stock as explained above with the target company. Consequently, the target company mergers or completely dissolves.

Ethical Values And Behaviors Of An Organization - 941 Words

Dr. M and class, How do ethical values shape behavior in organizations? According to Saleem (2014), ethical values and behaviors of an organization are made up of organizations institutionalized philosophies along with the moral ideologies of its members. In addition, the codes of ethics help to enhance the moral reasoning of employees while shaping their behaviors towards morally questioning unethical situations. Organizational leaders are encouraged to build cultures of trust with leadership who establish concerning goals employees pursue y setting examples for others to follow (Crosbie, 2008). The leaders whom are able to build training and development throughout their organization helps design and build relationships characterized by collaborative behaviors those results in mutually beneficial outcomes (Crosbie, 2008). Tyler (Chapter 9 in Moral Leadership) and Batson (Chapter 8 in Moral Leadership) have different perspectives on this question. Compare and contrast the positions of Tyler and Batson. According to Rhode (2006), Tyler addresses two central issues; the first determines whether people in organizations have ethical values that are related to characteristics of their organization, whereas the second, questions rather those values shape their rule-related behaviors (p. 213). On the other hand, Rhode (2006) stipulates that Batson think the challenge of moral leadership is based on; I take it, to get people to act more morally (p. 197). 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The Requirements Of An Organization - 1588 Words

In order to operate within the systematic manner, it is important for organisations like Tesco to cover the related phases and processes as provided in the following figure: Figure 1: Systematic Approach to Training †¢ Aim of organisation The aim of Tesco is to maximise its profitability levels while being competitive in the industry and among competitors. It is known that understanding the aim of the organisation under consideration is important to gain awareness about fulfilling the needs of job tasks and responsibilities in the organisation (Laird, Holton, Naquin, 2003). †¢ Analysis of Training Needs It is important to understand the requirements of learning for the employees of Tesco and it is done by the appropriate analysis of knowledge, skills, and behaviour required by every job. 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Narrative of Frederick Douglass Free Essays

The Autobiography of Frederick Douglass, titled â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, utilizes five key literary devices in order to better convey Douglass’s journey from enslavement to freedom. This includes the use of Imagery, diction, first person point of view, specific details, and allusion. Each of these is used to help convey the experiences of slavery, as well as the joys and fears of being a freed slave. We will write a custom essay sample on Narrative of Frederick Douglass or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of Imagery throughout the narrative engrosses the reader and provides him with a better sense of the ideas and experiences of Douglass. An example of these is when Douglass looked out onto the Chesapeake bay, at which point he saw several ships with white sails. These struck him profoundly, acting as a beacon of light in the midst of his dark circumstances. These white sails seemed to be an idea of hope and freedom, the thought that one day he too could be like the ships, with nothing but the wind to guide him. Another example of Imagery is when Douglass first receives Sandy’s â€Å"Magical† root. This was supposed to protect Douglass from further beatings by his slave masters, an idea that he easily discarded. In doing this, Douglass shows his difference from the other uneducated slaves, with the root making a distinction between how the educated and uneducated believe things occur. Still, Douglass did keep the root as a sort of last resort, an action that seems to show just how desperate Douglass was to ward off his abuse. The use of Diction throughout the story helps the reader to get a better sense of the mindset of Douglass. One example of this is when Douglass was sent to work with Mr. William Gardner. Here, he described his change in ownership as being â€Å"Hired† out, almost as if he were an employee of his master, instead of being lent or borrowed. Douglass didn’t see this as abnormal, someone telling him who to work for without any regard for his own preference. Another example of word choice is when he describes is mistress as being a â€Å"Kind and Tender-hearted woman†, a description that leads the reader to imagine almost a mother, someone who cared for others. He could have simply called her a â€Å"just† or â€Å"fair† woman, but instead he described her as motherly. Finally, when Douglass was describing his life constantly moving from owner to owner, he spoke on the fact that he truly did not have a home. In Douglass’s case, â€Å"The ties that ordinarily bind their children to their homes were all suspended. † He truly did not have a place to call home, but this was almost a sort of freedom for him. He described the sense of home as â€Å"binding†, instead of â€Å"welcoming†. In doing so, he truly shows that he did not understand the idea of belonging to a home or group, but instead being a nomad. It does not feel as though a home â€Å"binds† a child to it, but instead its a safe haven, somewhere that you can feel safe. By recounting the story in a first-person point of view, Douglass better conveys his story to the reader. In telling the story in such a way, Douglass appeals to the emotions of his reader, even their humanity, in an effort to show them just how abusive the situation of a slave holder is. He does so in order to show both the effects of abuse on the slave and the owner himself. A story told in the third person can be percieved as detached, something that does not truly exist. But, by telling it from the perspective of one who actually endured the abuses, Douglass was able to make the story more credible and even make the reader think that such circumstances could happen to themselves. In telling the story in the first person, Douglass achieves his goal of appealing to the audience’s humanity. No longer could they simply remain ignorant to the plight of a slave living in the south, but instead they now had to actually acknowledge the fact that they knew what was happening, and either act on this knowledge, or ignore it. The constant use of specific details in the autobiography gives the tale credibility and engrosses the reader. An early, but important, example of a specific detail occurs in chapter 7. Here, Douglass is detailing his dire situation. He wishes to expand his intelligence, but then is unable to begin doing so because of his status as a slave. When Captain Anthony died, Douglass’s hatred of slavery was even more apparent, when he was â€Å"to be valued with the other property† as though he were an item, not a person. In doing this, Frederick was perceived by his owner’s heirs to be nothing more than a piece of property to be decided upon, not a person with hopes and dreams. Later in the tale, Douglass describes Mr. Hopkins, who’s â€Å"Chief boast was his ability to manage slaves. † Hopkins was a cruel man, the poster child of slave handlers, and would enjoy beating and abusing his slaves. In describing his living conditions in prison, he described it as â€Å"Much more comfortable†¦ than we expected†¦ Did not get much to eat, nor which was very good, but we had a clean room. † In doing this, Douglass provides the reader with an idea of just how bad their lives were as slaves, when even a prison cell seemed to be a comfortable and clean set of living conditions. Finally, Douglass refrained from using any real in-depth details when recounting his actual escape from slavery to freedom. He did this because he did not want slave owners to be able to use any of his methods against slaves themselves, which would endanger both abolitionists and slaves alike. Finally, the use of Allusion throughout the tale helps to show the great conflict of being free but a fugitive. Douglass compared his decision to that of Patrick Henry in deciding whether or pursue his own freedom or to remain a slave. Henry’s decision for â€Å"Liberty or Death† was an easy one, Douglass claims, as it was certain liberty or death. In Douglass’s case, however, the liberty was extremely uncertain, with even after him having escaped the possibility of being returned as a fugitive slave remained. Douglass also compares himself to an â€Å"Unarmed Mariner [rescued]†¦ From the pursuit of a Pirate† when describing his joy at obtaining freedom from slavery. Douglass also recalled the words of Thomas Jefferson, who despite being a slave owner, wrote that its practice was a â€Å"War against human nature itself. † Finally, Douglass alludes to the story of Daniel in the bible, who had been thrown into a lion’s den but escaped unharmed through the help of God. This situation seems similar to the one Douglass found himself in, with his extraordinary luck allowing him to survive something that most men did not. Frederick Douglass used five literary devices in his narrative in order to better convey his story to the audience. His use of Imagery, Diction, First Person, specific details, and allusion causes the story to be not only more realistic, but also more believable, by the audience. In doing so, he was better able to achieve his goal of conveying his story of slavery and freedom. How to cite Narrative of Frederick Douglass, Essays